Voters need to care whether Obama or Romney is making lifetime appointments to the high court.

(The Root) -- This is most likely not at the top of your list as you begin to determine your man for president of the United States come Nov. 6. But, in a word, it should be this: SCOTUS, the Supreme Court of the United States.

Either President Obama or would-be President Romney will make appointments to that lofty, secretive body, which, despite myth, is certainly not immune to the politics swirling around it or to the directions of the wind. Long after either man is out of office, the justices -- and their rulings, such as the ones on Obama's health care plan and the Arizona immigration law -- will continue to affect our lives.

Looking at the Supreme Court, as well as all the federal courts that Congress in the Obama years has permitted to struggle along with an alarming number of vacancies, Wade Henderson, president and CEO of the Washington-based Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, says, "The status of the federal courts is the sleeper civil rights issue of the 2012 election."

The Alliance for Justice, which monitors federal court vacancies, said in a recent report , "As President Obama nears the home stretch of his first term, the cumulative effects of Republican senators' ceaseless obstruction of judicial nominees and election-year politics will likely mean that President Obama will finish his first term with more vacancies and judicial emergencies than when he took office and with far fewer confirmations than his two predecessors had at the end of their first terms." Judicial emergencies exist when there are so many vacancies that the remaining judges of a court are so overloaded that cases cannot be heard in a timely manner.

But back to SCOTUS.

This is how Randolph M. McLaughlin, a legal scholar who is now co-chair of the Civil Rights Practice Group at Newman Ferrara LLP in New York, sees it: "While there are many issues that should be considered when casting a vote for a presidential candidate, perhaps the most important issue is the Supreme Court. A president's term lasts for a maximum of eight years; a Supreme Court justice's term is for life."

Consider this: The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education case turned life upside down in this country as it outlawed segregation in public schools and provided a road map for the civil rights assault on other aspects of the racist status quo. Those battles are still being fought more than a half century later.

And consider a case any law-and-order TV show or movie devotee knows well without perhaps realizing it -- the 1966 decision, formally known as Miranda v. Arizona , which triggered this now familiar warning: "You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney during interrogation. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you."

The chief justice who shaped both landmark cases was Earl Warren , appointed in 1953 by President Dwight David Eisenhower, who later rued what he famously characterized as "the biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made." Black people, suspects in criminal cases, even anyone trying to vote in 2012 -- well, we certainly disagree with Eisenhower. But presidents don't always get what they want in the political calculations that go into the naming of a justice who will serve for the rest of his or her life or until he or she retires. The next president will certainly appoint several justices during his tenure, and each of them comes with the real-world experience that brought them to prominence in the highest political-judicial circles.

Heck, Associate Justice Clarence Thomas -- appointed to the court in 1991 by President George H. W. Bush (Bush 41) because he was black and, by judicial measures, relatively young (he was 43) -- is married to Virginia (Ginni) Lamp, who is a very visible political lobbyist for conservative Republican causes. Can you imagine their pillow talk? She once told Fox News' Sean Hannity: "There's a lot of judicial wives and husbands out there causing trouble. I'm just one of many."

Two of President Reagan's four appointees, Associate Justices Antonin Scalia and Anthony Kennedy, are still serving more than two decades since Reagan left office. So is one of two Bush 41 appointees (Thomas). So are President Clinton's two (Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer), George W. Bush's two (Samuel Alito and John G. Roberts) and Obama's two (Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan). Ginsburg is most likely to retire in time for the next president -- Obama or Romney -- to appoint a replacement for this reliably liberal-to-moderate jurist.

"If Romney wins, he will certainly not nominate a liberal," says McLaughlin, "and will more likely nominate an extremely conservative justice to appeal to the Tea Party elements within his party. If that were to come to pass, numerous bedrock civil rights, civil liberties and women's rights issues will be overturned as surely as night follows day."

Neither Obama nor Romney possesses a crystal ball to tell him how his picks will vote over the long haul. Both men -- as well as other members of the court -- were certainly surprised in the health care ruling when Chief Justice Roberts sided with the Clinton and Obama appointees to uphold a measure that was a capstone of the Obama presidency.

When President Franklin Roosevelt named a former Alabama Klansman, Hugo Black, to the court in 1937, he certainly could not have foreseen that Black would become a liberal stalwart and a civil rights champion who is widely considered to have been one of the most influential jurists of the 20th century. In his 1971 obituary , United Press International wrote: "To Justice Black, who many observers believe influenced American life more than any of his colleagues in modern time, the Constitution was his bible."

Without crystal balls, it is what we know about the character and the political needs of a president that should guide us when we enter the voting booths that the Warren court so generously opened.

E.R. Shipp, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, is a frequent contributor to The Root.